Biological abbreviations

Here is the huge collection of biological abbreviations. Click below

No.
Abbreviation
Full form
1.                  
µ
Electrophoretic mobility/ micron
2.                  
1,3 BPG
1,3—basiphosphoglycerate
3.                  
2PG
2-phosphoglycerate
4.                  
3PG
3-phosphoglycerate
5.                  
5 bro
5 Bromo uracil
6.                  
A
Androecium; Adenine
7.                  
Ã…
Angstrom (0.0001 of a micron)
8.                  
A&E
Accident and Emergency department
9.                  
AAAA
Autotetraploid
10.               
AABB
Allotetraploid
11.               
ABA
Abscisic acid
12.               
ABP
Arterial blood pressure
13.               
ABP
Androgen binding protein
14.               
Ach
Acetyl choline
15.               
ACP
Acyl carrier protein
16.               
ACT
Acoustic test facility
17.               
ACTH
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone
18.               
ADA
Adenosine deaminase
19.               
ADH
Antidiuretic hormone
20.               
ADLs
Activities of daily living
21.               
adm.
Admission
22.               
Ado Hey
5-adenosyl homocysteine
23.               
Ado Met
5-adenosyl methionine
24.               
ADP
Adenosine diphosphate
25.               
aet
Aetiology
26.               
AI
Artificial insemination
27.               
AIDS
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
28.               
Ala
Alanine
29.               
ALG
Antilymphocyte globulin
30.               
ALS
Antilymphocyte serum
31.               
AMI
Antibody mediated immunity
32.               
AMP
Adenosine monophosphate
33.               
AMR
Active metabolic rate
34.               
ANF
Atrionatriuretic factor
35.               
ANS
Autonomous nervous system
36.               
APHA
American public health association
37.               
ARF
Acute renal failure
38.               
arg
Arginine
39.               
ARM
Artificial rupture of membranes (for delivery)
40.               
ARS
Autonomously replicating sequence
41.               
ART
Assisted reproductive technology
42.               
Asn
Asparagine
43.               
Asp
Aspartate
44.               
ATCase
Aspartate transcarbomylase
45.               
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate
46.               
ATPase
Adenosine triphosphatase
47.               
AVN
Atrio-ventricular node
48.               
AWWA
American water works association
49.               
BAC
Bacterial artificial chromosome
50.               
BCG
Bacille Calmette-Guerin (TB vaccine)
51.               
BCOP
Blood colloidal osmotic pressure
52.               
BMI
Body mass index
53.               
BMR
Basal metabolic rate
54.               
BOD
Biochemical oxygen demand
55.               
BP
Blood pressure
56.               
bp
Base pair
57.               
BPD
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
58.               
BPTI
Bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor
59.               
Br
Bracteate flower
60.               
C
Cytosine, Cytidine, Cytidylate, Corolla
61.               
C2
Plants showing photorespiration
62.               
C3
Calvine cycle plants
63.               
C4
Plants with Hatch and Slack cycle
64.               
CA
Cancer
65.               
CABG
Coronary artery bypass graft
66.               
CaM
Calmodulin
67.               
CAMP
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
68.               
CAP
Catabolite activator protein
69.               
CAPD
Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
70.               
CAT (CT)
Computerized axial/ assisted tomography
71.               
CCK
Cholecystokinin
72.               
CCU
Coronary care unit
73.               
cDNA
Complementary DNA
74.               
CDP
Cytosine diphosphate
75.               
C-GMP
Cyclic GMP
76.               
Ch
Chlorophyll
77.               
CIFRI
Central inland fisheries research institute
78.               
CJD
Creutzfeldt- Jacob disease
79.               
Cm
Clearance factor
80.               
CMI
Cell mediated immunity
81.               
CMP
Cytosine monophospahte
82.               
CMV
Cytomegalovirus
83.               
CNS
Central nervous system
84.               
CoA
Coenzyme A
85.               
COAD
Chronic obstructive airways disease
86.               
COD
Chemical oxygen demand
87.               
CoQ
Coenzyme Q (ubiquinone)
88.               
Cp
Compare
89.               
CPAP
Continuous positive airways pressure
90.               
CPI
Consumer price index
91.               
CPR
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
92.               
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid; Colony- stimulating factor
93.               
CT
Computerised tomography; Calcitonin
94.               
CTP
Cytosine triphosphate
95.               
CV
Cardiovascular
96.               
CVA
Cardiovascular accident, Cerebrovascular accident
97.               
CVP
Central venous pressure
98.               
CVS
Chronic villus sampling
99.               
CXR
Chest X-ray
100.           
Cys
Cystein
101.           
Cyt
Cytochrome
102.           
D
Diffusion coefficient
103.           
d
Density
104.           
D&C
Dilation and curettage
105.           
dADP
Deoxy adenosine 5’-diphosphate
106.           
dAMP
Deoxy adenosine 5’-monophosphate
107.           
dATP
Deoxy adenosine 5’-triphosphate
108.           
DCT
Distal convoluted tubule
109.           
DDT
Dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane
110.           
DEAE
Diethyl aminoethyl
111.           
DFP/ DIFP
Diisopropyl fluorophosphate
112.           
dGMP
Deoxyguanosine 5’-monophosphate
113.           
dGTP
Deoxyguanosine 5’-triphosphate
114.           
DHA
District health authority
115.           
DHAP
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
116.           
DHF
Dihydrofolate
117.           
DHU
Dihydrouridine
118.           
DI
Donor insemination
119.           
DIC
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
120.           
disch.
Discharge
121.           
DL
Danger list
122.           
DLC
Differential leucocyte count
123.           
DMD
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
124.           
DMP
2,4-dinitrophenol
125.           
DMS
Dimethyl sulphate
126.           
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
127.           
DNase
Deoxyribonuclease
128.           
DNP
Deoxyribonucleoproteins
129.           
Do
Dissolved oxygen
130.           
DOA
Dead on arrival
131.           
Dol
Dolichol
132.           
DOPA
Dihydroxy phenylamine
133.           
DPD
Diffusion pressure deficit
134.           
DPN
Diphosphopyridene nucleotide (same as NAD)
135.           
DPT
Combined vaccine against diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus
136.           
Dr
Doctor
137.           
DRG
Diagnostic related group
138.           
DS
Dissolved solids
139.           
ds DNA
Double stranded DNA
140.           
DSA
Digital subtraction angiography
141.           
DTs
Delirium tremens
142.           
DVT
Deep vein thrombosis
143.           
E
Electric potential
144.           
e
Molar absorption coefficient
145.           
Ebr
Ebracteate
146.           
EC
Enzyme commission
147.           
ECG (ECK)
Electrocardiogram
148.           
ECT
Electroconvulsive therapy
149.           
EDTA
Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid
150.           
EEG
Electroencephalograph
151.           
EF
Elongation factor
152.           
EGF
Epidermal growth factor
153.           
EGFP
Effective glomerular filtration pressure
154.           
ELISA
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
155.           
ELSI
Ethical, legal and social issues
156.           
EM
Electron microscope
157.           
EMG
Electromyograph
158.           
EMP
Embden Meyerhof Parnas pathway
159.           
ENT
Ear, nose and throat
160.           
Epi
Presence of epicalyx
161.           
EPO
Erythropoietin
162.           
EPR
Electro paramagnetic resonance
163.           
ER
Endoplasmic reticulum
164.           
ERV
Expiratory reserve volume
165.           
ESF
Erythropoiesis stimulating factor
166.           
ESR
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; Electron spin resonance
167.           
ET
Tube endotracheal tube, Embryo transfer
168.           
ETS
Energy transfer system
169.           
f
Fractional coefficient
170.           
F1
First filial generation
171.           
F1P
Fructose 1-phosphate
172.           
F2
Second filial generation
173.           
F6P
Fructose 6-phosphate
174.           
FA
Fatty acid
175.           
FAD
Flavin adenine dincleotide
176.           
FADH2
Flavin adenine dincleotide (reduced)
177.           
FBPase-1
Fructose 1,6-diphosphatase
178.           
FBPase-2
Fructose 2,6-diphosphatase
179.           
Fd
Ferredoxin
180.           
FDNB/ DNFB
1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
181.           
FFA
Free fatty acid
182.           
FH
Familial hypercholestrerolaemia
183.           
FMet
N-formyl methionine
184.           
FMN
Flavin mononucleotide
185.           
FMNH2
Reduced flavin mononucleotide
186.           
FNAC
Fine needle aspiration cytology
187.           
FP
Flavoprotein
188.           
FRC
Functional residual capacity
189.           
Fru
D-fructose
190.           
FSH
Follicle stimulating hormone
191.           
G
Guanine, Guanosine or Guanylate
192.           
G1P
Glucose 1-phosphate
193.           
G3P/ GAP
Glucose 3-phosphate
194.           
G6P
Glucose 6-phosphate
195.           
GA
Gibberlic acid
196.           
GABA
r-aminobutyrate
197.           
GAC/ G3P
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
198.           
GaIN
D-glactosamine
199.           
GaINAc
N-acetyl D-glactosamine
200.           
Gal
D-glactose
201.           
GDB
Genome data base
202.           
GDH
Glutamate dehydrogenase
203.           
GDP
Guanosine 5-diphosphate
204.           
GFR
Glomerular filtration rate
205.           
GH
Growth hormone
206.           
GHP
Glomerular hydrostatic pressure
207.           
GIFT
Gamete intra-fallopian transfer
208.           
GLC
Gas-liquid chromatography
209.           
GLc
D-glucose
210.           
GLcA
D-gluconic acid
211.           
GLcNAc/ NAG
N-acetyl D-glucosamine
212.           
GLcUA
D-glucosonic acid
213.           
Gln
Glutamine
214.           
Glu
Glutamate
215.           
Gly
Glycine
216.           
GMF
Genetically modified food
217.           
GMO
Genetically modified organism
218.           
GMP
Guanosine monophosphate
219.           
GMP
Guanosine 5-monophosphate
220.           
GP
General practitioner
221.           
GSH
Glutathione
222.           
GSSG
Oxidised Glutathione
223.           
GTH
Gonadotrophic hormone
224.           
GTP
Guanosine 5-triphosphate
225.           
GVHD
Graft-verses-host disease
226.           
H2 folate/ DHF
Dihydrofolate
227.           
H4 folate/ THF
Tetrahydrofolate
228.           
Hb
Haemoglobin
229.           
HbCO
Carboxyhaemoglobin
230.           
HBIG
Hepatitis B immunoglobulin
231.           
HbO2
Oxyhaemoglobin
232.           
HCG
Human chorionic gonadotrophin
233.           
HCLV-III
Human cell leukemia virus-III
234.           
HDL
High density lipoprotein
235.           
HGP
Human genome project
236.           
HIOMT
Hydroxyindole-o-methyl transferase
237.           
His
Histidine
238.           
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
239.           
HLA
Human leucocyte antigen system
240.           
HMG-CoA
β hydroxy- β methylglutaryl-CoA
241.           
hn RNA
Heterogenous nuclear RNA
242.           
HPLC
High performance liquid chromatography
243.           
HRE
Hormone response element
244.           
HRT
Hormone replacement therapy
245.           
HUGO
Human genome organisation
246.           
Hyp
Hydroxy proline
247.           
I
Inosine, iodine
248.           
IAA
Indole-3-acetic acid
249.           
IBA
Indole-3-butyric acid
250.           
IBS
Irritable bowel syndrome
251.           
IC
Inspiratory capacity
252.           
ICD
International classification of disease
253.           
ICP
Intercranial pressure
254.           
ICRAF
International council for research in Agroforest
255.           
ICSH
Interstitial cells stimulating hormone
256.           
ICSI
Intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection
257.           
ICU
Intensive care unit
258.           
IDP
Inosine 5’-diphosphate
259.           
IF
Initiating factor
260.           
Ig
Immunoglobulin
261.           
IHD
Ischaemic heart disease
262.           
Ile
Isoleucine
263.           
IMP
Inosine-5’- monophosphate
264.           
IMR
Infant mortality rate
265.           
IMV
Intermittent mandatory ventilation
266.           
IOP
Intraocular pressure
267.           
IPPV
Intermittent positive pressure ventilation
268.           
IQ
Intelligence quotient
269.           
IR
Infrared
270.           
IRV
Inspiratory reserve volume
271.           
IS
Insertion sequence
272.           
ITP
Inosine 5’-triphosphate
273.           
IU
International unit
274.           
IUCN
International union for conservation of natural resources
275.           
IUD/ IUCD
Intrauterine device, Intrauterine contraceptive device
276.           
IUI
Intra-uterine insemination
277.           
IUT
Intra- uterine transfer
278.           
IV
Intravenous
279.           
IVF
In vitro fertilization
280.           
IVI
Intravenous injection
281.           
IVP
Intravenous pyelogram
282.           
IZS
Insulin zinc suspension
283.           
JGA
Juxta-glomerular apparatus
284.           
k
Rate constant
285.           
K&M
Kaolin and Morphine
286.           
K/Ks
Dissociation constant
287.           
Ka
Acid dissociation constant
288.           
Kb
Kilobase
289.           
Kbp
Kilobase pair
290.           
Kcat
Turnover number
291.           
Keq
Equilibrium constant
292.           
Ki
Inhibition constant
293.           
Km
Michaelis-Menten constant
294.           
LBW
Low birth weight
295.           
LDH
Lactate dehydrogenase
296.           
LDL
Low density lipoprotein
297.           
Leu
Leucine
298.           
LH
Luteinising hormone
299.           
Lk
Linking number
300.           
Ln
Logarithm to base
301.           
Log
Logarithm to base 10
302.           
LP
Lumbar puncture
303.           
LSD
Lysergic acid diethylamide
304.           
LTH
Luteotrophic hormone (prolactin or lactogenic hormone)
305.           
LTR
Long terminate respect
306.           
Lys
Lysine
307.           
MAB
Monoclonal antibody
308.           
Man
D-mannose
309.           
MAOI
Monoamine oxidase inhibitor
310.           
MAP
Mean arterial pressure
311.           
Mb
Myoglobin
312.           
MBBS
Bachelor of medicine and bachelor of surgery
313.           
MBD
Minimal brain dysfunction
314.           
MbO2
Oxymyoglobin
315.           
MCL
Maximum contaminant level
316.           
MD
Doctor of medicine
317.           
mDNA
Mitochondrial DNA
318.           
ME
Myalgic encephalomyelitis
319.           
Met
Methionine
320.           
MET
Magneto-encephalography
321.           
MGP
Microbial genome project
322.           
MHC
Major histocompatibility complex
323.           
MI
Myocardial infarction
324.           
MLD
Minimum lethal dose
325.           
MMR
Combined vaccine against Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (German measles)
326.           
MND
Motor neuron disease
327.           
MO
Medical officer
328.           
MPN
Most probable number
329.           
Mr
Relative molecular mass
330.           
MRF
Melanocyte stimulating hormone releasing factor
331.           
MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging
332.           
mRNA
Messenger ribonucleic acid
333.           
MRS
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy
334.           
MRSA
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
335.           
MS
Multiple sclerosis
336.           
MSH
Melanocyte stimulating hormone
337.           
MSU
Mid-stream urine specimen
338.           
MTP
Medical termination of pregnancy
339.           
Mur
Murmaric acid
340.           
MurNac/ NAM
N-acetylmurmaric acid
341.           
NAA
Naphthalene acetic acid
342.           
NAD
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
343.           
NAD H2
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced)
344.           
NADP
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
345.           
NADPH
Reduced Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
346.           
NAG/ GLcNAC
N-acetyl glucosamine
347.           
NDP
Nucleoside diphosphate
348.           
NHS
National health service
349.           
NMN
Nicotinamide mononucleotide
350.           
NMNH
Reduced Nicotinamide mononucleotide
351.           
NMP
Nucleoside monophosphate
352.           
NMRI /NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging
353.           
NPO
Nil per orem (nothing by mouth)
354.           
NTD
Neural tube defect
355.           
NTP
Nucleoside triphosphate unit
356.           
NTU
Nephrometric turbidity
357.           
O&G
Obstetrics and gynaecology
358.           
OA
Osteoarthritis
359.           
OAA
Oxalacetate
360.           
OD
Overdose
361.           
OP
Outpatient
362.           
OPV
Oral polio vaccine
363.           
ORS
Oral rehydration salt solution
364.           
ORT
Oral dehydration therapy
365.           
OT
Occupational therapy
366.           
P
Perianth, Pressure
367.           
PAB/PABA
10 amino benzoate
368.           
paed.
Paediatrics
369.           
PAGE
Polyacryl amide gel electrophoresis
370.           
PAN
Peroxyacyl nitrate
371.           
path.
Pathology
372.           
PBG
Porphobilinogen
373.           
Pc
Plastocyanin/ phosphatidylcholine
374.           
PCOD
Polycystic ovary disease
375.           
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction
376.           
PCT
Proximal convoluted tubule
377.           
PDGF
Platelet derived growth factor
378.           
PE
Pleural effusion, Phosphatidyl ethanolamine
379.           
PEM
Protein energy malnutrition
380.           
PEP
Phosphoenol pyrovate
381.           
PEPA
Phosphenol pyrovic acid
382.           
PET
Positron-emission tomography
383.           
PFK
Phoshofructo kinase
384.           
PG
Prostaglandin
385.           
PGA
Phosphoglyceric acid
386.           
pH
Potentia Hydrogenii
387.           
Phe
Phenylalanine
388.           
Pi
Inorganic orthophosphate
389.           
PI
Phosphatidylinositol
390.           
PICU
Paediatric intensive care unit
391.           
PID
Pelvic inflammatory disease
392.           
PIH
Pregnancy-induced hypertension,
Protein inhibiting hormone
393.           
PK
Protein kinase/ pyruvate kinase
394.           
PKU
Phenylketonuria
395.           
PLP
Pysidoxal 5’-phosphate
396.           
PM
Postmortem
397.           
PMT
Premenstrual tension
398.           
Pn
Phosphopante theine
399.           
PNS
Peripheral nervous system
400.           
PO
Per orem (by mouth)
401.           
PO2
Partial pressure of O2
402.           
Pol
Polymerase
403.           
PoP
Plaster of paris
404.           
PPi
Inorganic pyrophosphate
405.           
PPLO
Pleuro pneumonia-like organisms
406.           
PQ
Plastoquinone
407.           
pre-med
Premedication
408.           
pre-op
Preoperative
409.           
PRL
Prolactin
410.           
Pro
Proline
411.           
PRPP
5-phosphoribosyl 1’-pyrophosphate
412.           
PS-I
Pigment system-I
413.           
PS-II
Pigment system-II
414.           
Pstd
Pistillode
415.           
PTA
Post-traumatic amnesia
416.           
PTH
Parathyroid hormone (Parathormone)
417.           
QA
Quality assurance
418.           
QALY
Quality adjusted life years
419.           
RA
Rheumatoid arthritis
420.           
RAAS
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system
421.           
RBC
Red blood corpuscles
422.           
RDS
Respiratory distress syndrome
423.           
REF
Renal erythropoietic factor
424.           
REM
Rapid eye movement sleep
425.           
RER
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
426.           
RES
Reticuloendothelial system
427.           
RF
Release factor/ replicative form
428.           
RFLP
Restriction fragment length polymorphism
429.           
RG
Regulator gene
430.           
RH
Releasing hormone
431.           
Rh
Rhesus factor
432.           
RHA
Regional health authority
433.           
Rib
D-ribose
434.           
RMO
Resident medical officer
435.           
RMP
Ribulose monophosphate
436.           
RMR
Routine metabolic rate
437.           
RN
Registered nurse
438.           
RNA
Ribonucleic acid
439.           
RNase
Ribonuclease
440.           
RPF
Renal plasma flow
441.           
RQ
Respiratory quotient
442.           
rRNA
Ribosomal RNA
443.           
RSI
Repetitive strain injury
444.           
RSV
Respiratory syncitial virus, Rous sarcoma virus
445.           
RTI
Reproductive tract infection
446.           
RuBP (RuDP)
Ribulose biphosphate
447.           
RV
Residual volume
448.           
Rx
Treatment/ prescription
449.           
S
Svedberg unit
450.           
SAD
Seasonal affective disorder
451.           
SAH
Subarachnoid haemerrhage
452.           
SAM
S-adcnosylmethionine
453.           
SAN
Sinu-atrial node
454.           
SARS
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
455.           
SBH
Sequencing by hybridization
456.           
SCID
Severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome
457.           
SDS
Sodium dodecyl sulphate
458.           
SER
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
459.           
Ser
Serine
460.           
SIDS
Sudden infant death syndrome
461.           
SLE
Systemic lupus erythemomatous
462.           
SNPs
Single nucleotide polymorphs
463.           
SQUID
Superconducting quantum interference device
464.           
Sr RNA
Small nuclear RNA
465.           
SRP
Signal recognition particle
466.           
SS
Suspended solid
467.           
ss DNA
Single stranded DNA
468.           
STD
Sexually transmitted disease
469.           
STH
Somatotrophic hormone/ growth hormone
470.           
STP
Standard temperature and pressure
471.           
SVI
Sludge volume index
472.           
T
Thymine, Thymidine, or Thymidylate; Temperature
473.           
TAB
Combined vaccine against Typhoid, Paratyphoid A, and Paratyphoid B
474.           
TB
Tuberculosis
475.           
TCA
Tricarboxylic acid cycle
476.           
TENS
Transcutaneus electrical nerve stimulation
477.           
TFE
Tetrafluoro ethane
478.           
TH
Thyroid hormone
479.           
THF/ H4 foliate
Tetrahydrofoliate
480.           
THM
Trihalomethane
481.           
Thr
Threonine
482.           
TIA
Transient ischaemic attack
483.           
TIM
Triose phosphate isomerase
484.           
TLC
Total leucocyte count/ Total lung capacity
485.           
TMP
Thyuridine 5’-monophosphate
486.           
TMV
Tobacco mosaic virus
487.           
TOC
Total organic carbon
488.           
TON
Threshold odour number
489.           
TP
Turgor pressure
490.           
TPA
Tissue plasminogen activator (heart drug)
491.           
TPN
Triphosphopyridine nucleotide
492.           
TPP
Thiamine pyrophosphate
493.           
TPR
Temperature, pulse and pressure
494.           
tRNA
Transfer ribonucleic acid
495.           
TS
Tourette’s syndrome
496.           
TSH
Thyroid stimulating hormone
497.           
TTH
Thyrotrophic hormone
498.           
TTP
Thymidine triphosphate
499.           
TV
Tidal volume
500.           
Tx
Transfusion, transplant
501.           
Tyr
Tyrosine
502.           
U
Uracil, Uridine or Uridylate
503.           
UDP
Uridine 5’-diphosphate
504.           
UDPG
Uridine diphosphate galactose
505.           
UDPGlc
Uridine diphosphate glucose
506.           
UMP
Uridine 5’-monophosphate
507.           
UQ/ COQ
Coenzyme Q/ ubiquinone
508.           
URTI
Upper respiratory tract infection
509.           
UTI
Urinary tract infection
510.           
UTP
Uridine triphosphate
511.           
UV
Ultraviolet/ Urine conc substance g/ml
512.           
VA
Visual acuity
513.           
Val
Valine
514.           
VC
Vital capacity
515.           
VD
Venereal diseases
516.           
VF
Ventrinular fibrillation
517.           
VLDL
Very low density lipoprotein
518.           
Vmovx
Maximum velocity
519.           
VNTRs
Variable number tandem repeats
520.           
Vo
Initial velocity
521.           
WBC
White blood corpuscles
522.           
WHO
World health organization
523.           
WPCF
Water pollution control federation
524.           
YAC
Yeast artificial chromosome
525.           
Z
Wet change
526.           
ZIFT
Zygote intra-fallopian transfer
527.           
ZSV
Zone setting index
528.           
α kG
α-ketoglutarate
529.           
Δ G
Free energy change
530.           
Δ G+
Activation energy
531.           
Δ G01
Standard Free energy change
532.           
Δ GB
Binding energy
533.           
Δ H
Enthalpy change
534.           
ΔS
Entropy change
535.           
Δψ
Transmembrane electric potential
536.           
Φ
Bacteriophage

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