|
Phylum
|
Respiratory organ
|
|
|
Porifera
|
Body surface
|
|
|
Cnidaria
|
Body surface
|
|
|
Ctenophora
|
Body surface
|
|
|
Platyhelminthes
|
Body surface
|
|
|
Nemathelminthes
|
Body surface
|
|
|
Annelida
|
Skin
(integument)
|
|
|
Arthropoda
|
Aquatic
insects (mayflies, nymphs etc)
|
Tracheal
gills
|
|
Damselfly
nymphs
|
Caudal gills
|
|
|
Limulus
|
Gill
books
|
|
|
Scorpion,
some spiders, Scutigera and chilopods
|
Book
lungs (Diffusion lungs)
|
|
|
Insects,
some spiders
|
Trachea
|
|
|
Some crabs (e.g. coconut crabs)
|
Branchiostegal lung (gill-like lung)
|
|
|
Mollusca
|
|
Skin
(Cutaneous)
|
|
Aquatic
forms
|
Ctenidia
(gills)
|
|
|
Terrestrial
forms
|
Pulmonary
sacs (lungs)
|
|
|
Echinodermata
|
|
Dermal
branchiae (skin gills)
|
|
Holothurians
|
Water
lungs
|
|
|
Hemichordata
|
Gills
|
|
|
Chordata
|
Lungfishes
|
Ventilation
lungs
|
|
Fishes
|
Internal
gills, lungs (for lung fishes)
|
|
|
Some teleost fishes
|
Swim bladder (air bladder)
|
|
|
Fishes such as Misgurnus, Ancistrus and
Plecostomus
|
Alimentary mucosa
|
|
|
Labyrinth fish
|
Labyrinth organ – A secondary breathing organ
|
|
|
Amphibians
|
Skin,
lungs, external gills (for tadpoles)
|
|
|
Reptiles
|
Ventilation
Lungs
|
|
|
Birds
|
Ventilation
Lungs
|
|
|
Mammals
|
Ventilation
Lungs
|
|